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Journal: Frontiers in Neurology

Article Title: Central sensorimotor integration assessment reveals deficits in standing balance control in people with chronic mild traumatic brain injury

doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.897454

Figure Lengend Snippet: Illustration of constraints on balance system stability as a function of time delay and motor activation normalized stiffness and damping parameters. (A) The CSMI model-predicted regions of stability (gray regions) shrink with increasing system time delay. The mean normalized stiffness values for control subjects (blue) and for the 14 mTBI subjects (red) with particularly long time delays and low stiffness in the SS/EC condition are labeled. (B) Model simulations of sway responses to 1° tilts of the stance surface show the effects on the sway response as time delay increased from 150 ms (thickest dark trace) to 230 ms in increments of 20 ms in conditions where stiffness and damping parameters remained fixed (upper graph) and when normalized stiffness and damping were decreased to compensate for the increasing time delay (lower graph). Prominent oscillatory sway behavior is eliminated by lowering stiffness and damping when time delays are larger but at the expense of having a larger peak sway responses. Simulations performed using MATLAB Simulink version R2019b.

Article Snippet: The experimental FRF was compared to the model-predicted FRF and the model parameters were adjusted using the Matlab “fmincon” function (Matlab version R2019b and Matlab Optimization Toolbox; The MathWorks Inc., Natick Massachusetts) to minimize the error between the experimental and model-predicted FRF [see Peterka et al. ( )].

Techniques: Activation Assay, Control, Labeling